As we extend robotic exploration to Mars and lay the groundwork for crewed missions and sustained human presence, increasing levels of autonomy become essential. Far from Earth and constrained by communication delays, robotic systems must perceive their environment, make decisions, and act independently to achieve science and mission objectives. This session will explore the robotics and autonomy technologies NASA and its partners must develop or mature—not only to support the Moon-to-Mars architecture but also to accelerate the transition from initial sorties to a self-sufficient Martian outpost. We will examine how recent advances in AI can drive resilient, adaptable, and intelligent systems that move us closer to this long-term vision.